Ikirere cy’u Rwanda kirahumanye ku buryo inzego zicunze nabi byagera i wa Ndabaga, ubushakashatsi buheruka bwakoze mu 2018, bwagaragaje ko ikirere cy’u Rwanda gihumanye ukubye inshuro 5 ku kigero cyemewe cyashyizweho n’ishami ry’umuryango w’ababimbye ryita ku buzima OMS.
Iki gipimo kigendera kuri particulate matter PM 2.5, tubisobanuye mu kinyarwanda particulate matter ni nk’utuvungukira tuba mu mwuka twangiza, iyo bavuze PM 2.5 baba bavuze utwo tuvungukira tutarengeje uburebure bwa micrometers 2.5, iki gipimo rero kivuga ko muri metero cube imwe y’umwuka, utwo tuvungukira tutagomba kurenza ama microgram 5, none mu Rwanda bikubye inshuro zirenga 5.
Utu tuvungukira ni uburozi, iyo duhumetswe dutera indwara z’ubuhumekero, umutima na kanseri. Uyu mwuka wakomeje guhumana cyane, nk’urubuga rwa IQAir rugaragaza uko umwuka wanduye ku isi yose, rushyira u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 9 mu bihugu bifite umwuka wanduye, aho cya kigero cya PM 2.5 cyarenze 40. Turi kuri 40 kandi ibyemewe ari 5, mu gihe ibihugu nka Leta zunze ubumwe za America bafite inganda nyinshi, bari kuri 7.1.
Ubundi bigenda gute ngo twe tudafite inganda tugire ikirere cyanduye mene aka kageni, abazifite bameze neza? Ibi byose turabireba, ariko reka duhere ku mafaranga azajya acibwa buri kinyabiziga mu gupimisha imyotsi.
HAGATI AHO USHAKA KUBAKISHA, URUHUSHYA RWO KUBAKA, NO GUKORERWA IMISHINGA IJYANYE NO KURINDA IBIDUKIKIJE, GANA ISANIRO STUDIO TUGUFASHE. TWANDIKIRE KURI +250781864038.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe, bwagaragaje ko ibinyabiziga biri ku isonga mu bihumanya umwuka wo mu Rwanda. Bityo muri gahunda y’ubukangurambaga #UmwukaMwiza #UbuzimaBwiza, gahunda y’ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibidukikije REMA, u Rwanda rugiye gutangiza uburyo bwisumbuyeho bwo gupima imyotsi iva mu binyabiziga. Mu byahozeho, muri control technic, umuntu bamuregaga imyotsi, ariko ntibite ku biyigize, ubu ibi ikigamijwe ni ugusuzuma ibigize iyo myotsi iba isohorwa n’imodoka. Mu byuka bihumanya bazajya basuzuma hari carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), na particulate matter (PM2.5).
Gupimisha imyotsi iva mu binyabiziga bizajya bikorerwa ahasanzwe hasuzumirwa ibinyabiziga muri Contrôle Technique, bizajya kandi bibera umunsi umwe, mu rwego rwo guhuriza hamwe amasuzuma abiri azajya akorerwa ikinyabiziga hagamijwe kwirinda ko cyahumanya umwuka.
Kugira ngo bikorwe, REMA yaguze amamashini kabuhariwe yo kubipima, banagura softwares zo kwifashisha zihenze, ari yo mpamvu iyi servisi izajya yishyurwa, kubera iri koranabuhanga ryisumbuyeho, yewe rizakenera abakozi kabuhariwe.
Buri gihe uko umuntu agiye gukoresha control technique, imyotsi na yo izajya ipimwa, bityo ubwo ku binyabiziga bikoreshwa mu bwikorezi bw’ibintu n’abantu bazajya bapimisha 2 mu mwaka nk’uko kuri control bigenda, naho ibinyabiziga by’abantu ku giti cyabo badakoresha mu bucuruzi, babikore rimwe mu mwaka. Uko bizajya bigenda, uzajya usuzumisha, nibasanga hari ikibazo ujye mu igaraje gukosora, bashyireho utuyungirizo n’irindi koranabuhanga riyungurura umwotsi, hanyuma usubire gupimisha, nibasanga ukiri ahabi usubireyo, kandi kuri buri cyiciro cyose hishyurwa ukwaho.
Mu gipima, bazajya bareba ko ikinyabiziga kidasohora ibihumanya birenze amagarama 0.1 ku kilometero, ikibirengeje kijye gusanwa, cyangwa nibabona cyarashaje burundu bakure imbabura mu muhanda, kigurishwe mu nyuma.
Dore ayo mafaranga azajya acibwa kuri buri cyiciro:
Ibinyabiziga byo mu bwoko bw’amapikipiki, ni 16,638 Rwf, haboneka ikibazo akajya mu igaraje gukosora ikibazo agasubira gusuzuma agacibwa 8,319 Rwf habariwe mo umusoro.
Imodoka zitwara avantu zitarengeje uburemere bwa toni 3.5 kandi zifite imyanya itarenga 8 shoferi atarimo, zizajya zishyura 34,940 Rwf, nibasubira gusuzumisha bishyure 17,470 Rwf. Izindi modoka zose zisigaye, zizajya zishyura 51m578 Rwf, nibamara gukemura ikibazo bishyure 25,789 Rwf. Ibindi bikoresho bikoresha moteri nk’amamashini, bizajya byishyura 49,914 Rwf, nibakemura ikibazo basuzumirwe kuri 24,957 Rwf
Iyi gahunda igiye guhita itangira, gusa ku ikubitiro bazakora igerageza cyangwa pilot y’iminsi 45, abapimisha bazajya bishyura ariko bahabwe ko bimeze neza, nta we bazarega imyotsi, kuko bazaba bagamije kubona ishusho nyayo y’uko ibyuka biva mu binyabiziga bimeze mu Rwanda. Iyi gahunda bafite intego yo kuyagura, nta bwo izaguma ku binyabiziga gusa, bazakomeza no ku nganda, ku nyubako n’ibindi.
Ushobora kwibaza impamvu u Rwanda ruhumana cyane kandui nta nganda nyinshi rufite, yewe nta n’ibinyabiziga byinshi.
Kimwe mu bituma u Rwanda ruhumana, ni imiterere yar wo. Nka kuriya tuvuga ngo Rwanda rw’imisozi igihumbi, ubwo bikagendana n’ibibaye, ibi bury ani bibi. Iyi misozi n’ibibaya bituma umwuka mubi uhagera utahava, ukahamara iminsi yanarenga 3, mu gihe ahandi harambuye ucaho wirukanka. Ikindi gihumanya umwuka wacu ni imbaraga dukoresha ducana nk’ibiti n’amakara, ibi birahumanya, hazaho amavumbi ava mu mihanda idakoze neza, gutwika ibiyorero mu mirima, ndetse n’inganda.
Impamvu ibihugu biteye imbere biba bifite inganda nyinshi ariko ugasanga tubarusha kwangiza ikirere, bo baba bafite ikoranabuhanga ruiyungurura uwo mwotsi, kandi byinshi bakoresha amashanyarazi, bikagira uko bigabanya kwangiza ikirere.
Hari abantu bavuga ngo ikirere ntigisakaye si ngombwa kwirinda abanda batirinda, ibyo s ibyo, kuko umwuka mubi wica uhereye iwawe, kuko uwangiza abantu cyane uba ubegereye uri mu kriere kiri hafi, iva ahandi ijya mu kirere cyo hejuru ari na yo yitwa green house gases, iyo ijya hejuru ikangiza akayungirioz k’izuba igatera ihindagurika ry’ikirere, gusa iyo wirinze iwawe uba urinda amagrara yawe, ntiwareka kwirinda ngo umwuka uratembera reka mbyihorere. Mbega, ni nko guhumekereza ku mbabura iwawe, izabanza ikwice mbere y’uko umuturanyi imugiraho ingaruka.
Ingaruka z’ibi byuka zirigaragaza, nko mu mu mwaka wa 2023, Abanyarwanda 3.3 barwaye indwara z’ubuhumekereo, byose byahura n’umwuka mubi. Mu Rwanda Amapikipiki ni yo ateje ibibazo cyane, kuko agize 30% by’ininyabiziga byose, ibinyabiziga dufite bisaga gato ibihumbi 330, kandi amenshi aba afite moteri zashaje, kandi ipikipiki itwara umuntu umwe kandi iri kwaniza, mu gihe imodoka yo iba yatwaye abantu benshi.
Buri munsi na buri munota, mu Rwanda hari ahantu 30 hapimirwa uko umwuka uhagaze, hagiye no kuzongerwa hagere ku hantu 70, wajya unareba uko umwuka umeze aho uri ugendeye ku bipimo by’ayo mapimiro, aho wabisanga ku rubuga https://aq.rema.gov.rw/ , kandi nk’uko mubibona, hamwe biba bimeze nabi ahandi bigerageza, ahatukura byekerana ko ari bibi cyane, ahaba icyatsi hakaba heza.
Bijyanye rero n’iyi gahunda ya REMA, ubwo amafaranga azajya asabwa ku binyabiziga, hagomba kongerwamo ayo gupimisha imyotsi ubwo no gukoresha ibyangitritse, ubwo hakoyongeraho wa musoro wo kwita ku mihanda washyizweho, hakazaho control technique, hakaza assurance, hakazaho ayo guteganyiriza igaraje, amande yo mu muhanda atabura, waba utwara ufite umu boss ukamuverisa, ngayo nguko rero, Gira uruhare mu kurwanya ihumana ry’umwuka duhumeka
